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CONSUMER COUNCIL ORDINANCE

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CONSUMER COUNCIL ORDINANCE ——附加英文版

Hong Kong


 CONSUMER COUNCIL ORDINANCE
 (CHAPTER 216)
 CONTENTS
  
  ion
  I    PRELIMINARY
  hort title
  nterpretation
  II    INCORPORATION AND POWERS
  ncorporation of Consumer Council
  unctions of Council
  owers of Council
  embership of Council
  eetings of Council
  ommittees
  isclosure of member's interest
  Appointment of staff and advisers
  Documents of Council
  III    FINANCIAL
  Resources of Council
  Borrowing powers
  Investment of funds
  Estimates
  Accounts, audit and annual report
  IV    GENERAL
  Council not servant or agent of Crown
  Governor may give directions
  Protection of members of Council and committees
  Prohibition of exploitation of the Council's name for
advertisement
  oses
  Transitional provisions
  dule
 Whole document
  
  ncorporate the Consumer Council, to define its functions and 
powers,
  egative personal liability of members and employees for the 
Council's
  ts committees' acts or omissions, and for connected purposes.
  July 1977] L. N. 167 of 1977
 PART I PRELIMINARY
  
  hort title
  Ordinance may be cited as the Consumer Council Ordinance.
  nterpretation
  his Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--
  ncil" means the Consumer Council incorporated by section 3 (1);
  ancial year" means each period of 12 months ending with 31 March;
  ber" means a member of the Council.
 PART II INCORPORATION AND POWERS
  
  ncorporation of Consumer Council
  The Consumer Council existing at the commencement of this
Ordinance is
  by created a body corporate consisting of the persons who from
time to
  hold office as members of the Council.
  The Council shall have perpetual succession and a common 
seal and
  l be capable of suing and being sued and of doing and suffering 
all
  other acts and things as bodies corporate may lawfully do and
suffer.
  The Council shall continue to be known in the Chinese language
as.
  unctions of Council
  The functions of the Council are to protect and promote the 
interests
  onsumers of goods and services and purchasers, mortgagors and 
lessees
  mmovable property by--
  collecting, receiving and disseminating
  rmation concerning goods, services and immovable property;
  receiving and examining complaints by and giving advice to 
consumers
  oods and services and purchasers, mortgagors and lessees of 
immovable
  erty;
  taking such action as it thinks justified by information 
in its
  ession, including tendering advice to the Government or to any 
public
  cer;
  encouraging business and professional associations to
  blish codes of practice to regulate the activities of their
members;
  undertaking such other functions as the Council may adopt 
with the
  r approval of the Governor in Council.
  The Governor may be notice in writing to the Council 
declare any
  s, services or immovable property or class of goods, 
services or
  vable property to be outside the scope of the Council's 
functions
  r subsection (1).
  In subsection (1) and in section 5 (2) (c) "goods and services" 
does
  include goods and services which are--
  supplied by--
  the Government, the Urban Council or the Regional Council; or
(Amended
  f 1985 s. 60)
  a body mentioned in the Schedule; or
  made the subject of a declaration under subsection (2).
  The Governor in Council may, by order published in the Gazette, 
amend
  Schedule. (Amended 5 of 1992 s. 2)
  owers of Council
  The Council may do such things as are reasonably necessary to 
enable
  o carry out its functions.
  Without restricting the generality of subsection (1), the Council 
may
  arrying out its functions--
  acquire, hold and dispose of all kinds of property 
movable and
  vable and in any manner which it thinks fit;
  enter into any contract;
  undertake the testing and examination of goods and 
services and
  ection of immovable property; (Amended 5 of 1992s. 3)
  produce or distribute, by way of sale or otherwise, any 
publication
  h is of interest to consumers;
  do any thing which it may do under this ordinance in 
association or
  peration with any other person or sponsor any other person to do 
that
  g;
  charge for the use of any facility or service provided by the
Council;
  with the prior approval of the Governor, become a member 
of or
  liate to any international body concerned with consumer matters.
  
  embership of Council
  The Council shall consist of the following members--
  a Chairman who shall be appointed by the Governor for a 
term not
  eding 2 years;
  a Vice-Chairman who shall be appointed by the Governor for a term 
not
  eding 2 years; and (Replaced 28 of 1985 s. 2)
  not more than 20 other persons each of whom shall be appointed
by the
  rnor for a term not exceeding 2 years. (Replaced 28 of 1989 s.
2)
  The Chairman, Vice-Chairman and any other member 
appointed under
  ection (1) (c) may be reappointed upon expiry of their 
respective
  s of office. (Amended 28 of 1985 s. 2)
  The Chairman, Vice-Chairman and any other member 
appointed under
  ection (1) (c) may at any time-- (Amended 28 of 1985 s. 2)
  resign his office by notice to the Governor; or
  be removed therefrom by the Governor for permanent incapacity or
other
  icient cause, and upon such resignation or removal the term for 
which
  as appointed shall be deemed to have expired.
  Where the Chairman, Vice-Chairman or any other member appointed 
under
  ection (1) (c) is precluded by temporary incapacity or other 
cause
  exercising his functions as such for any period the 
Governor may
  int another person to act in place of the Chairman Vice-
Chairman or
  r member during such period with all such rights, powers, 
duties or
  ilities as if he had been appointed under subsection (1). (Amended 
28
  985s. 2)
  (Replaced 28 of 1985s. 2)
  Where any question arises under subsection (3) or (4) as to 
whether
  incapacity or cause exists or whether any incapacity is 
temporary or
  anent or any cause sufficient, the decision of the Governor 
thereon
  l be final.
  eetings of Council
  Meetings of the Council shall be held at such times and places
as the
  cil, the Chairman or in his absence, the Vice-Chairman may from 
time
  ime appoint.
  The following procedural provisions shall apply to
  y meeting of the Council and subject thereto the Council may 
regulate
  own procedure--
  at meetings of the Council 11 members shall form a quorum; 
(Replaced
  f 1989 s. 3. Amended 5 of 1992 s. 4)
  the Chairman or in his absence, the Vice-Chairman shall preside
or, if
  are absent or disqualified under section 9 (c), the members 
present
  l appoint one of their number to preside;
  every question shall be determined by a majority of votes 
of the
  ers present and voting thereon;
  in the event of an equality of votes the member presiding shall
have a
  ing vote in addition to his ordinary vote.
  nded 28 of 1985 s. 3)
  
  ommittees
  The Council may appoint committees and may delegate to 
them the
  cise and performance of any of its powers and functions except 
this
  r of delegation.
  Persons who are not members of the Council are
  ible for appointment to committees.
  Subject to the terms of any delegation by the 
Council, every
  ittee--
  may exercise and perform the delegated powers and functions
  the same effect as if it were the Council itself;
  shall be presumed to be acting in accordance with the terms of 
the
  gation in the absence of proof to the contrary;
  may regulate its own procedure.
  isclosure of member's interest
  member of the Council, or of any committee of the Council, 
has a
  ct or indirect commercial interest in any matter under discussion
at a
  ing of the Council or of the committee, being an interest greater
than
  which he has as a member of the general public, the 
following
  isions shall apply--
  he shall disclose the nature of his interest at the meeting;
  the disclosure shall be recorded in the minutes;
  where the disclosure is made by the member presiding, he shall 
vacate
  chair during the discussion;
  the member (including one who has vacated the chair under
paragraph
  shall, if so required by the member presiding, withdraw 
from the
  ing during the discussion and shall not in any case, 
except as
  rwise determined by the member presiding, vote on any 
resolution
  erning the matter or be counted for the purpose of establishing 
the
  tence of a quorum.
  Appointment of staff and advisers
  Subject to subsection (4), the Council shall appoint a person to 
hold
  office of Chief Executive. (Amended 28 of 1985 s. 4)
  The Council may appoint such other employees as it thinks 
fit and
  ect to subsection (4), determine all matters relating 
to their
  neratior and terms and conditions of appointment or employment.
  The Council may engage the services of technical and 
professional
  sers in such manner and on such terms and conditions as it thinks
fit.
  The Council shall obtain the prior approval of the Governor to--
  any appointment proposed to be made under subsection (1) and the
terms
  conditions thereof;
  the suspension or dismissal of the Chief Executive;
  the salary or salary scale (including allowances and other 
pecuniary
  fits) and conditions of employment applicable to the Chief 
Executive
  every other employee or class employee, and any variation
thereof.
  nded 28 of 1985 s. 4)
  No person shall be employed by the Council otherwise than on the
salar
  alary scale or on the conditions of employment applicable to that
pers
  oved by the Governor under subsection (4).
  
  Documents of Council
  The Council may make and execute all such documents as may 
expedient
  or conducive to the exercise and performance of its power 
functions
  duties.
  The fixing of the seal of the Council to any document
  l--
  be authorized by resolution of the Council; and
  be authenticated by the signatures of any 2 members 
authorize by
  lution of the Council, either generally or specially, to ao for 
that
  ose.
  Any document purporting to be duly executed under the seal 
of the
  cil shall, unless the contrary is proved, be considered to be 
duly
  uted.
  Any contract or instrument which if entered into or executed 
by a
  on not being a body corporate would not be required to be in the 
form
  deed may be entered into or executed on behalf of the Council by 
any
  on generally or specially authorized by the Council for that 
purpose.
 PART III FINANCIAL
  
  Resources of Council
  The Governor may, out of money appropriated for the purpose 
by the
  slative Council, authorize payment to the Consumer Council 
of such
  nts as he thinks fit.
  The resources of the Council shall consist
  
  all money received by the Council pursuant to subsection (1);
  money paid to the Council by way of donations, fees, 
subscriptions,
  and interest;
  all other money and property, including accumulations of 
income,
  ived by the Council for its purposes.
  Borrowing powers
  Council may, with the approval of the Financial Secretary, 
borrow or
  rwise raise money and charge all or any part of its 
property as
  rity therefor.
  Investment of funds
  money of the Council that is not immediately required 
shall be
  sted--
  on fixed deposit in any bank or savings bank approved by the
  ncial Secretary, either generally or in any particular case, for 
the
  ose; or
  in such other forms of investment as the Financial 
Secretary may
  ove.
  Estimates
  Council shall in each financial year adopt estimates of 
income and
  nditure for the ensuing financial year and, before a date 
to be
  inted by the Financial Secretary, send them to the Governor for 
his
  oval together with a programme of its proposed activities 
for the
  ing financial year.
  
  Accounts, audit and annual report
  The Council shall keep proper accounts and proper records in 
relation
  eto and shall within 3 months after the expiry of a financial year,
or
  further period as the Financial Secretary may allow, 
prepare a
  ement of the accounts of the Council, which statement shall
include an
  me and expenditure account and a balance sheet.
  The Council
  l, subject to subsection (3), appoint an auditor, who 
shall be
  tled to have access at any time to all books of account, vouchers 
and
  r financial records of the Council and to require such information
and
  anations relating thereto as he thinks fit.
  The Council shall obtain the prior approval of the Financial
Secretary
  ny appointment proposed to be made under subsection (2).
  The auditor shall, as soon as is practicable, audit the 
accounts
  ired by subsection (1) and shall submit a report thereon 
to the
  cil.
  The Council shall within 3 months after the receipt by it 
of the
  tor's report in respect of its accounts for a financial 
year, or
  in such further period as the Financial Secretary may allow,
furnish--
  a report on the affairs of the Council for that year;
  a copy of its accounts therefor; and
  the auditor's report on the accounts, to the Governor who shall 
cause
  same to be tabled in the Legislative Council.
 PART IV GENERAL
  
  Council not servant or agent of Crown
  Council is not a servant or agent of the Crown and does not enjoy 
any
  us, immunity or privilege of the Crown.
  Governor may give directions
  The Governor may, if he considers that the public 
interest so
  ires, give to the Council such directions as he thinks 
fit with
  ect to the exercise and performance by the Council of its 
powers,
  tions and duties under this Ordinance, either generally or 
in any
  icular case.
  The Council shall comply with any direction given to 
it under
  ection (1).
  Protection of members of Council and committees
  No member or employee of the Council or of any committee 
of the
  cil shall be personally liable for any act done or default made--
  by the Council; or
  by any committee of the Council, acting in good faith in the course
of
  operations of the Council or of the committee.
  The protection hereby conferred on members and employees 
of the
  cil or of a committee in respect of any act or default shall not 
in
  way affect any liability of the Council for that act or default.
  
  Prohibition of exploitation of the Council's name for 
advertisement
  oses
  No person shall, with a view to promoting or disparaging any
  s, services or immovable property or promoting the image 
of any
  on, publish or cause to be published any advertisement which 
either
  essly or by implication makes reference to--
  the Council;
  any committee, member, agent or employee of the Council;
  the Council's publication or finding of tests or surveys
conducted by
  n behalf of the Council; or
  any other information published by the Council, without 
written
  ent of the Council.
  Any person who contravenes subsection (1) commits an offence 
and is
  le to a fine of $ 100,000.
  For the purpose of subsection (1) "advertisement" may be 
constituted
  ny words, whether written or spoken, or any picture, drawing, 
visual
  e, figure or article--
  appearing in any publication; or
  brought to the notice of the public or any section of the public 
in
  other way. (Replaced 5 of 1992 s. 5)
  Transitional provisions
  All property of whatever kind and whether movable or immovable 
vested
  r belonging to the Consumer Council existing at the 
commencement of
  Ordinance shall as from that date vest in or belong to that 
Council
  ts corporate capacity without any further assurance.
  All obligations and liabilities of the said Consumer Council 
are as
  the commencement of this Ordinance the obligations and
liabilities of
  Council in its corporate capacity.
  Where anything has been commenced by or under the authority 
of the
  Consumer Council before the commencement of this Ordinance such
thing
  be carried on any completed by the Council in its corporate
capacity.
  Every person who immediately before the commencement of this
Ordinance
  s an appointment as Chairman, Executive Director or a member of 
the
  Consumer Council is, as from such commencement but subject to 
the
  s of his appointment, the Chairman, Executive Director, or a
member of
  Council, as the case may be, for the purposes of this Ordinance.
  Notwithstanding the definition of "financial year" in section 
2 the
  od between the commencement of this Ordinance and 31 March 1978 
shall
  eemed to be a financial year.
  No stamp duty shall be payable in respect of any transfer of 
property
  r this section.
 SCHEDULE
  
  Television Limited
  a Light and Power Company, Limited
  a Motor Bus Company, Limited
  Cross-Harbour Tunnel Company, Limited
  Marketing Organization
  Kong Air Cargo Terminals Limited
  Hong Kong and Yaumati Ferry Company Limited

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管理学视野中的《劳动合同法》应对

广东环球经纬律师事务所合伙人、金牙大状广州律师网(www.jylawyer.com )
首席律师 王思鲁

【金玉良言】 《劳动合同法》对现行《劳动法》以及诸多地方劳动立法的很多方面作了重大调整。劳动立法上的这些重大变化,贯穿于劳动合同的订立、履行、变更、解除以及终止。这些变化将对企业人力资源管理的各个方面甚至企业的经营管理带来巨大影响。《劳动合同法》在2008年1月1日正式实施,面对劳动立法如此巨大的变化,企业人力资源管理活动应如何适应劳动关系法律的新调整,已成为企业人力资源管理人员一个迫在眉睫而又无法规避的现实问题。
  【金玉良言】 在企业管理中,管理就是数字管理。数字管理的核心是如何用最小成本实现利益的最大增值。法律是为企业管理服务的一招棋。既然如此,法律在帮助企业管理解决问题的时候也需要坚持用最小成本实现利益最大增值这一原则。度身定做的具有可操作性的法律风险防范机制可以肩负为企业管理保驾护航的历史使命,真正做到为成功者锦上添花、给失落者雪中送炭、让创业者防患未然。
  【金玉良言】 企业要创造品牌,取得发展,不得不充分考虑《劳动合同法》。当然,企业是以低成本,高利润,持续增长为核心而运作。法律围绕这一中心而动。不理不睬,可能会夭折;高度紧张,照本宣科,可能不合事宜。现实中的“活”的应用应考虑与时俱进;轻重缓急,主次分明,在“合法”、“安全”中寻找平衡点,这些才是“精髓”。但是,不无遗憾,这些“精髓”无法形成文字,“跃然纸上”。它是随需而变的一种东西。

2007年6月29日,在经过一番激烈争论之后,《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》终于在“千呼万唤”中正式颁布。由于舆论的引导,《劳动合同法》得到的更多是鲜花与掌声,但是,日前轰动一时的“华为事件”确似乎为这部仍未生效的法律提前鸣起了“丧钟”。《劳动合同法》的出台是否意味着“劳动者春天”的到来?《劳动合同法》生效在即,华为不得不以十亿巨资“赎回”原本属于他的用人自主权。华为如此大规模的策略性裁员,已经预示着《劳动合同法》的生效将会形成用人单位、劳动者以及国家三输的局面。
流水不腐,户枢不蠹,将员工与企业终身捆绑,不仅将使企业失去生命力,而且,容易使员工心生怠惰,继而影响效率;由于僵化的用人机制,演变成为“安置中心”的企业,其应对市场风险的能力自然低下。若企业无法“置之死地而后生”,那么,唇亡齿寒,大批员工将容身之处。而大批员工下岗,又将进一步加重政府的负担,危害社会的稳定。
华东政法大学董保华教授在接受《南方周末》记者采访的时候曾经说过:“固化企业用人机制,是这部法律(指《劳动合同法》)将带来的最大灾难,结果是损伤企业,损伤经济,影响就业。劳动者与企业之间的平衡点,我认为应该是低标准,广覆盖,严执法。”
确实如此,一方面,“高标准”的《劳动合同法》将使用人机制僵化;另一方面,“低覆盖”的《劳动合同法》则在将高管这类强势的员工以及白领、科技人员等较高层次的员工作为保护对象的同时,忽略了最需要就业岗位的没有就业以及半就业的社会闲置人员。如此一部《劳动合同法》非但没有为劳动者“雪中送炭”,反而使企业“雪上加霜”。在这种情况下,“严执法”无异于“天方夜谭”,这样一部《劳动合同法》想要得到企业的遵守,只能是一种“奢望”。
除特殊情况,企业不得约定违约金;企业不得要求员工提供担保;员工提前30天通知,便可随时走人。由此看来,《劳动合同法》背后蕴涵着这么一种假定:企业都是黑心的,而劳动者都是善良的。以如此手段来“保护”劳动者,存在着极大的道德风险,这无异于让守法的企业吃尽苦头,让背信弃义之徒“逍遥法外”!
我们的政府口口声声要保护劳动者的合法权益,但是,我们的政府可曾想过,国家财政收入近些年来超常增长,已经出现了“税收挤压工资”的情况。近年来,政府税收每年都以20%以上的速度在增长,远远超出了平均10%的GDP增速,更超出了人们的收入水平。不可思议的是,从1990年到2005年,劳动者报酬占GDP的比例却下降了12%。同时,个人所得税却有65%来自工薪所得,工薪收入阶层竟然成了绝对的纳税主体。为了平息民怨,同时又保证自身的财政收入,我们的政府竟然借助《劳动合同法》,将原本属于自己的责任“推卸”给企业。
尽管《劳动合同法》是一部“恶法”,但是其毕竟是以国家公权力强制推行的一部法律。我们在呼吁对其进行彻底修订的同时,我们仍需针对现行的《劳动合同法》作出一系列的应对。
《劳动合同法》对现行《劳动法》以及诸多地方劳动立法的很多方面作了重大调整。劳动立法上的这些重大变化,贯穿于劳动合同的订立、履行、变更、解除以及终止。这些变化将对企业人力资源管理的各个方面甚至企业的经营管理带来巨大影响。《劳动合同法》在2008年1月1日正式实施,面对劳动立法如此巨大的变化,企业人力资源管理活动应如何适应劳动关系法律的新调整,已成为企业人力资源管理人员一个迫在眉睫而又无法规避的现实问题。
  新法出台后,如何顺应劳动关系立法变化的趋势?如何对企业人力资源制度进行修订和完善?面临变革性的挑战和考验,传统的人力资源管理已是稍显“过时”,对此,我们将从管理学的角度出发,细数劳动合同订立、履行、续订、解除和终止过程企业可能遇到的法律风险,同时,解读《劳动合同法》关于服务期、竞业限制以及劳务派遣、非全日制用工的规定,从六个方面就如何调整、完善企业人力资源制度,给出自己的一些建议,以便让企业在防范用工法律风险的同时,又能即时调整人力资源策略,从而企业发展与《劳动合同法》接轨。
  此一专题演讲对于在座各位有如下三点意义:
  1、了解企业人力资源管理中可能会遇到的风险以及难题;
  2、理解《劳动合同法》对企业人力资源管理的带来的影响;
  3、如何破除旧观念,建立新思维,掌握有效控制企业法律风险的积极应对措施。
  现在,我们们正式进入今天的主题。
  一、如何跨越劳动合同订立过程中的“雷区”
  【真实再现】
  2005年7月18日,一度备受社会各界关注的“北大博士”诈骗案有了终审结果:郑州市中级人民法院驳回了一审被告人刘志刚的上诉,维持一审法院的判决。   
  2004年11月14日,在全国第六届高级人才洽谈会上,只具有高中文化程度的刘志刚,向郑州航空工业管理学院(以下简称郑州航院)的招聘人员谎称自己是北京大学在读博士生,将于2005年7月毕业,并提交了其编造的工作经验、科研项目、发表论文、英语水平等个人简历。该学院信以为真,即与刘志刚商谈招聘事宜。为能让刘志刚毕业后到学院工作,郑州航院决定让其毕业前即可上班。
  2004年12月份,刘志刚到郑州航院上班,学院按博士生待遇支付给刘志刚4万元安家费,三个月工资6000元,并分配120平方米住房一套。刘志刚上班后,多次以自己是北大博士为由,要求提高待遇,不断和学院提出需要配置电脑、打印机和科研启动资金等要求。郑州航院经向北京大学查询,发现刘志刚并未在北京大学攻读博士。
  2005年2月2日,被告人刘志刚再次向该学院要求上述待遇时,被该学院保卫处抓获并移送公安机关。公安机关追回40630元及分配给刘志刚的住房一套,已发还被骗单位。
  郑州市二七区法院一审认定刘志刚构成诈骗罪,且诈骗数额巨大,判处其有期徒刑三年零六个月,并处罚金4000元;责令退赔被害单位郑州航空工业管理学院经济损失5370元。
  一审宣判后,刘志刚不服判决,向郑州市中级人民法院提出上诉。郑州市中级人民法院经过二审,作出裁定,驳回了一审被告人刘志刚的上诉,维持一审法院的判决。(参见“虚报文凭构成诈骗罪 ‘北大博士’刘志刚终审诉”http://news.tom.com/1002/200507192315617.html)
  这是一起因员工谎报学历,虚构工作经历,诈骗用人单位的真实案例。虽然最终用人单位追回了经济损失,诈骗者也得到了应有的惩罚,但是,用人单位为此付出的订立劳动合同的成本却“沉没”了。那么,为了不至于在劳动合同订立过程中,因“一叶障目”而身陷法律风险的“激流”当中,企业应当注意哪些问题?
  (一)第一次亲密接触——招聘过程中的法律风险及其防范
   1、用人不疑、疑人不用——入职审查时用人单位可了解员工的哪些信息
  《劳动合同法》第8条规定:“……用人单位有权了解劳动者与劳动合同直接相关的基本情况,劳动者应该如实说明。”
  由该条可见,用人单位在招聘过程中享有一定的知情权,但该知情权并非全然不受限制,该知情权仅限于了解劳动者与缔结劳动合同直接相关的基本情况。对于与劳动合同直接相关的基本情况,劳动者应该如实回答,言外之意,对于与劳动合同没有直接联系的信息,劳动者有权保持沉默。与劳动合同直接相关的基本情况一般包括年龄、学历、工作经验、身体状况等情况,而至于婚姻状况、有无异性朋友、女性是否怀孕等涉及个人隐私的问题,用人单位一般无权过问,用人单位若“咄咄逼人”,劳动者不但有权拒绝回答,而且,一旦诉诸法院,用人单位更是得不偿失。
  但既然法律规定用人单位享有知情权,那么,用人单位就应该好好利用该知情权,对员工进行入职审查,降低人力资源管理成本同时减少各种可能的法律风险,而对于以下信息,是属于用人单位必须了解核实的员工的基本信息,用人单位应当在避免触犯法律的前提下,对员工进行入职审查:
①身份、学历、资格、工作经历等信息。这些信息直接决定劳动者的工作能力,若对此审查不严,一旦存在劳动者虚构的情况,则会直接增加企业的招聘成本,甚至导致招聘失败。
  ②是否有潜在疾病、残疾等。若用人单位使用身体健康存在隐患的员工,将会有很大风险,最好是能在员工入职之前进行体检。
  ③是否达到16周岁。未满16周岁的劳动者即童工,用人单位若使用童工,须承担相应的法律责任。
  ④是否与其他用人单位仍有未到期的劳动合同。用人单位若招用与其他用人单位尚未解除劳动合同的劳动者,如果对其他用人单位造成损失,该用人单位须承担连带责任。
  ⑤是否与其他用人单位签订有未到期的竞业限制协议。用人单位在招聘高级管理人员、高级技术人员等有可能掌握商业秘密的员工时,应对其是否有竞业限制协议在身进行严格审查,最好让该类员工在入职前以书面形式作出未与其他用人单位签订竞业限制协议的承诺,避免用人单位承担不必要的风险与责任。
  2、劳动者也有知情权,用人单位对那些问题有告知义务
《劳动合同法》第8条规定:“用人单位与劳动者建立劳动关系、订立劳动合同,应如实告知劳动者工作内容。工作条件、工作地点、职业危害、安全生产状况、劳动报酬,以及劳动者希望了解的其他与订立和履行劳动合同直接相关的情况……”
  对于工作条件、工作地点、职业危害、安全生产状况、劳动报酬这些信息,用人单位在订立劳动合同时最好就告知员工,并将其写入劳动合同,避免约定不明发生不必要的纠纷,而至于“其他与订立和履行劳动合同直接相关的情况”,由于法律规定,只有当劳动者希望了解时,用人单位才有告知义务,若劳动者没有主动提出,用人单位可不必向其作出说明。
  3、如何设计招聘录用条件
  关于避免招聘录用条件规定不明带来的法律风险,这可能是用人单位在招聘时最容易忽略的问题。许多用人单位往往将招聘广告作为一种宣传手段,殊不知当中蕴含不少法律风险,一不小心,即会“触礁”。
  《劳动合同法》第21条规定:“在试用期中,除劳动者有本法第三十九条和第四十条第一项、第二项规定的情形外,用人单位不得解除劳动合同。用人单位在试用期解除劳动合同的,应当向劳动者说明理由。”
  用人单位若想在试用期解除劳动合同,须有《劳动合同发》第三十九条和第四十条第一项、第二项规定的情形,当中最常见的理由便是“不符合录用条件”,因此,在招聘过程设计录用条件,并非只是“摆设”,而录用条件若规定得不够明确、详细,当你想在试用期辞退员工时,极有可能因为上述原因而导致失败并承担相应的责任。所以,在招聘时,务必明确自己的招聘条件,最好能将此存档,以备不时之需。
  (二)切忌自作聪明——劳动合同订立过程中企业存在的误区及其法律风险

杭州市人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《杭州市污染物排放许可管理条例》的决定

浙江省杭州市人大常委会


杭州市人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《杭州市污染物排放许可管理条例》的决定

  (2010年8月25日杭州市第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十六次会议审议通过 2010年11月25日浙江省第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十一次会议批准)



  杭州市第十一届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十六次会议决定对《杭州市污染物排放许可管理条例》作如下修改:

  一、第一条修改为:“为加强污染物排放的监督管理,规范污染物排放许可行为,防治环境污染,改善环境质量,根据《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》、《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》、《浙江省水污染防治条例》等法律、法规,结合本市实际,制定本条例。”

  二、第十二条修改为:“污染物排放许可证有效期最长不超过五年。

  “位于环境敏感区的排污者,其污染物排放许可证有效期最长不超过两年;处于试生产期间或者被依法责令限期治理的排污者,其污染物排放许可证有效期与试生产期限或者限期治理期限相同,但最长不超过一年。”

  本决定自公布之日起施行。